In this post, let's take a look at the initial and subsequent accounting for the Contractual Service Margin (CSM). We will focus on products without direct participating features.
Let's take an example of a contract with a 3-year coverage period without any investment component.
The policyholder pays …
IFRS 17 has introduced the concept of fulfilment cash flows. Fulfilment cash flows are the building blocks of the general model.
Fulfilment cash flows consist of inflows and outflows, discounting and an explicit risk adjustment for non-financial risk. What remains after this calculation (if anything) is the CSM.
Let's take …
You may already know cashflower — a Python package for cash flow modelling.
cashflower is already working well with example models, but we want to take it further. The next big step in its development is testing it with real-world insurance models and their complexities.
This is where we need …
Understanding statistical distributions is key when working with data, as they help describe how values behave in a dataset. Different distributions are useful for modelling different types of real-world scenarios. This guide provides a brief overview of some of the most commonly used statistical distributions, along with their key properties …
An arithmetic progression annuity (or arithmetic gradient annuity) is a type of annuity where payments either increase or decrease by a fixed amount each period. This contrasts with a standard annuity, where payments remain constant over time. In this post, we'll explore the formulas for an arithmetic progression annuity and …